Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Assignment - Essay Example In a massive scale business operation as Tesco, the management of human resource becomes a very challenging task. The leadership and management of the company plays a key role in its success and Tesco is known for its strong organisational culture, which has lent to its high performance. Managing workforce moral in service organisations of the scale of Tesco is a huge challenge, which needs innovative management and reward practices. This report assesses the leadership and management role within Tesco; the company culture which impacts upon its operations and the workforce motivation issues within the company. Leadership is defined as â€Å"the ability to influence individuals and groups to work toward attaining organizational objectives† (Weiss 2001). Leadership defined by Mescrn, Albert and Khedourn as â€Å"the ability to influence individuals and groups to work toward attaining organizational objectives† directly addresses the role of leadership in the context of organisational management. Leadership and management bears critical impact on the performance of an organisation as it is the leadership that can provide direction and vision to the rest of the organisation. In assessing the role of leadership and management at Tesco, the leadership style and contributions by Sir Terry Leahy should be addressed. Sir Terry Leahy, the dynamic 50-year old CEO of Tesco joined Tesco as a marketing executive in 1979 and progressed in career to be appointed to the board in 1992. Becoming the CEO in 1997, he has dramatically reshaped and driven the supermarket chain to be the leader in UK supermarket industry with impressive growth in not only local but also international markets. Being chosen as Britain’s â€Å"Business Leader of the Year 2003†; Fortune magazines’ â€Å" European Businessman of the Year 2003† as well Britain’s â€Å"Most Admired Business Leader 2005† are few accolades in recognitions of his leadership role at Tesco

United Arab Emirates Foreign Investment Regulations Essay Example for Free

United Arab Emirates Foreign Investment Regulations Essay Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a combination of seven countries and was formed the year 1971 immediately after the British withdrew from Gulf war. It has been known as the major exporter of petroleum in the world. In order to reduce over reliance on petroleum the national government has been trying to encourage the foreign investment in Information and communication technology sectors. However various regulatory frameworks have been enacted by the national government to increase investment in the region. The national government assigns duties to federal government explaining how information and communication technologies are set up by foreign companies. Kuwait and United Arab Emirates have been recognized as centres where sophisticated technologies are found in the Middle East because of the policy of being a free trade zone.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to have a competitive ability or advantage in the world market the countries have established a foreign investment regulatory framework to enable them fit well in the information and communication technology market. The investment in ICT has been encouraged to avoid full reliance on petroleum as source of revenue to the national government. The regulatory framework has stimulated the growth of different business ranging from global ,regional to local small and medium Enterprises(SMEs).There have been laws governing the ICT ,foreign direct investment and technology transfer in the countries making them to enjoy competitive advantage in the business environment1 .   A good example of a regulatory law governing foreign investors is the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA).The law was established in the year 2003 to ensure that there is adequacy in the distribution of telecommunication services in the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait Land. The services to be provided should encompass quality and other elements that bring substantial development to the communication sector. The Telecommunication Regulatory Authority also issue new licenses to the operational Data Services providers (DSPs) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs).The new licenses issued by the TRA is aimed at ensuring development of the Telecommunication sector.    The other role played by the TRA in order to attract and protect young investors in the countries is inviting telecommunication engineering firms to submit their proposals on technical and financial evaluation so that they can help in taking the responsibilities in operating the telecommunications technical office. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority therefore has contributed a lot in attracting foreign investors to develop the ICT firms due to low growth of information and communication technology firm in both United Arab Emirates states and Kuwait2..   Ã‚  Ã‚   The other Regulation enacted by the national government is the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority(NTRA).The NTRA has come up with a new tariff offer with an objective of promoting healthy competition between operators so that development in telecommunication field can be enhanced3 .For instance there has been a contractual or agreement model   of interconnection that makes it easy for an operator to buy a capacity of interconnection for a fixed tariff .This has been enacted to bring a substantial development in the countries. Conclusion. The slow development in Information and Communication Technology sector in UAE and Kuwait called for enactment of various foreign investments regulations to enhance growth in the sector. The foreign investors in the communication field have been encouraged to invest so as to make the states have competitive advantage in the global market. It also aims at reducing full dependence on petroleum as the only source of revenue to the national and federal governments. Bibliography Christian Campbell and Editor Campbell .Legal Aspects of doing business in the Middle East.   Ã‚  Ã‚   London: Lulu 2006. Elizabeth Fox Genovese.The Middle East and North Africa 2000.Middle East: Europa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publications 2002. World of Information .Middle East Review. The economic and Business report .London: Kogan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2003. 1 Christian Campbell and Editor Campbell .Legal Aspects of doing business in the Middle East. London: Lulu 2006 2 World of Information .Middle East Review. The economic and Business report .London: Kogan 2003 3 Elizabeth Fox Genovese.The Middle East and North Africa 2000.Middle East: Europa publications 2002.

Response to Hip-hop Feminism

Response to Hip-hop Feminism Let Me Blow Your Mind: Response to Hip-hop Feminism In Let Me Blow Your Mind: Hip Hop Feminist Futures in Theory and Praxis, Lindsey explores the origins of hip-hop feminism, its relation to Black feminism(s), and its application to urban education. She also challenges the centralization of the African American male perspective in hip-hop by focusing on the Black and Brown girls and womens, transgender people of colors, and queer people of colors lived experiences. In this essay, I will examine the social context of the writer, how she describes current realities, how she analysis these realities, her vision and strategy for the future, and how the historical contacts affects this theory. I will end by sharing how this theory has relevance to my own life. Dr. Treva Lindsey is currently a professor at the Ohio State University in the Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies department. She received her Bachelor of Arts from Oberlin College and her Masters and Ph.D. from Duke University. She specializes in Black feminist theory, womens history, and popular culture studies along with work in critical race and gender theory, sexual politics, and African diaspora studies (Treva Lindsey). Lindsey is a self-described diva feminist, which she describes as being audacious, vibrant, passionate, and fierce in [her] dedication to eradicating racism, poverty, sexism, homophobia, religious intolerance, and other forms of socio-historical, political, and cultural oppression and exploitation (Lindsey), who is informed by Black feminist theory, hip-hop feminism, and her position as an African American woman in academia. In her publication, Lindsey states that women and girls not only play an integral role in the formation and sustaining of hip-hop culture(s) but also provide distinct standpoints, perspectives, and interventions into one of the most powerful cultural movements of late-20th and early-21st centuries (Lindsey 53). This idea is the base of hip-hop feminism that argues these contributions and perspectives are ignored or exploited by hip-hop culture. Lindsey describes several key theoretical interventions of hip-hop feminismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦including bringing wreck, kinetic orality, sonic pleasure, percussive resistance, and Black girl standpoint theory (Lindsey 55) to challenge the devaluation of womens and girls engagement with hip-hop (Lindsey 53). This devaluation benefits the African American male perspective in hip-hop which, as hip-hop feminism has argued against, has led to pervasive sexism and misogynyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in rap music (Lindsey 62). Lindsey starts her analysis of this reality by first exploring the relationship, and the differences, between Black feminism(s) and hip-hop feminism. She explains that there are material and discursive differencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦between second-wave Black feminists and women of the hip-hop generation (Lindsey 56). While both feminisms address sexism and the patriarchy, Black feminists do not believe it is possible to base a feminist epistemology in a movement where sexism and misogyny thrive. Hip-hop feminism argues for a feminism that considers the messiness and lived contradictions of human experience (Lindsey 56), such as the women who participate in a culture such as hip-hop, to better understand the reality of women and girls. Lindsey describes this argument perfectly stating if we do not take seriously the pleasure girls and women derive from music, even misogynistic and sexist music, we miss an opportunity to theorize the complexities of women and girls pleasure and enjoyment (L indsey 63). The analysis continues with her challenging the African American male as the subject of hip-hop. As stated, she used the theoretical interventions of bringing wreck, kinetic orality, sonic pleasure, percussive resistance, and Black girl standpoint theory to argue Black and brown womens and girls roles in creating and sustaining hip-hop culture. Activities such as hand-games, Double-Dutch, and childhood chants are ways girls learn to preform race and gender, while constructing a musical Blackness, that then becomes a pivotal part of hip-hop (Lindsey). However, this musical Blackness is also vilified in the hip-hop community as shown by Lindseys twerking example. The co-optation of twerking coupled with its decontextualized deployments in mass media also mirrors histories of cultural appropriation, hyper-sexualization of Black women and girls, and the demonization and devaluation of Black cultural forms and social practices performed by Black people (Lindsey 60). While Lindsey never explicitly states her vision, it is clear that she wants hip-hop to move away from the misogyny and sexism it is known for and for women and girls to both develop new music and to think critically about the music they listen to. She discusses hip-hop education as a possible strategy to address these concerns. Its been shown that the problematic lyrics and images of rap music were secondary to the beat of the music for the girls, even as the girls critiqued the music for its derogatory content (Love 91). This means that teaching women and girls media literacy will help them recognize the misogyny and sexism in music but not stop them from enjoying the genre; which may lead to more of these women and girls to either move towards music, in the same genre, that is less or not misogynistic or to create music that does not have these themes of misogyny. Creation of new music in the hip-hop genre is where hip-hop education can play an important role. Brown argues that we do not hear Black girls or their truths because their sound is at best misunderstood, and at worst, framed as problematic. According to Brown, the tonality of Black girls is the core of their expressivity, but often receives admonishment because of its juxtaposition to acceptable performances of girlhood' (Lindsey 61). Some hip-hop education organizations, such as Saving Our Lives Hear Our Truths (SOLHOT), demand that grown-ups not tell Black girls to quiet downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to experience Black girls unique voices and articulations (Lindsey 62). Giving space for these girls to think critically about the messages around them and to develop their own voice and sound will enable them to influence the world and music around them in ways they could not before. Hip-hop feminism has its roots in the hip-hop movement of the late 20th century and Black feminism(s). In 1999, when cultural critic and journalist Joan Morgan coined the term hip-hop feminist, she did not imagine how instrumental her framing of her standpoint as someone simultaneously rooted in both hip-hop and Black feminism(s) would be for the emergence of the scholarly subfield, women in hip-hop (Lindsey 55). Lindsey uses hip-hop feminism to analyze women and girls contributions to the hip-hop genre, to challenge the centering of the African American male perspective in hip-hop, and to suggest possible ways to change the misogyny and sexism in the genre. Hip-hop feminism was created when women of the hip-hop generation felt Black feminism(s) did not apply to their lives because it did not view them as both empowering and problematic. This context created what Morgan called a functional feminism that focused on the unique lives and experiences of the women of the hip-hop generatio n. Unfortunately, I could not discuss every topic Lindsey addressed in this response. I chose to focus on Lindseys descriptions of musical Blackness and hip-hop education because those ideas have the most relevance to my current time and location. As a science educator, I am passionate about minority representation in and access to the sciences. I want the content I teach to be accessible to anyone who walks into my classroom but that is only possible if I ensure my classroom environment is safe for everyone. There are several aspects of hip-hop education that I could bring into my classroom, such as experience Black girls unique voices and articulations (Lindsey 62) as it applies to scientific discovery and inquiry, that would make the space more welcoming to students. By applying hip-hop feminist pedagogy to my classroom, I could help students see themselves as scientists. Lindsey uses hip-hop feminism to challenge the idea that the subject of hip hop is the African American male and to inform educational techniques to empower girls of color. While the theory itself does not have much relevance to my life, its application in the classroom could help me introduce the world of science to students in a way that is enjoyable. Hip-hop feminism may be generationally specific with a focus on critical race theory but it is applicable to many situations as Lindsey showed by applying it to both the hip-hop community, the classroom, and violence against transgender and queer individuals. Work Cited Lindsey, Treva. Blog post. A Diva Feminist. Blogger.com, 30 Apr. 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2017. . Lindsey, Treva. Let Me Blow Your Mind: Hip Hop Feminist Futures in Theory and Praxis. Urban Education. 50.1 (2015): 52-77. Web. Love, Bettina. Hip hops lil sistas speak: Negotiating hip hop identities and politics  in the New South. Peter Lang. 2012. Treva Lindsey. Womens Gender and Sexuality Studies. N.p., 5 Feb. 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2017. .

Merchant of Venice Essay: The Importance of the Law -- Merchant of Ven

The Importance of the Law in The Merchant of Venice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The link between Shakespeare and the law is not new; scholars have long realized that the legal discourse can lead to a better understanding of Shakespeare's works.   Yet, that the converse is also true: the study of Shakespeare can lead to a deeper understanding of the fundamental nature of law.   A play like The Merchant of Venice has a great deal to offer in the course of such a reading.   The action of the play is concerned with contract law, but issues of standing, moiety, precedent, and conveyance are also raised.   At the most fundamental level, though, the trial scene in Act IV illustrates the conflict between equity and the strict construction of the law.    Equity, in the legal sense, is "justice according to principles of fairness and not strictly according to formulated law" (Gilbert 103).   This definition, while easily understandable, presents us with a problematic - even dangerous - structure of opposition.   Law and fairness are set at extreme ends of some continuum of justice, and are exclusive.   The definition implies that one can have justice according to "fairness," or justice according to "formulated law."   Yet if law is not inherently fair, if there is need for a concept of equity, how can the law be said to be fulfilling its purpose?   And if "fairness" is not to be found within the confines of "formulated law," from whence does it come?   This is not a new argument, of course; the conflict between law and equity was recognized even in medieval England.    From earliest childhood, we are indoctrinated with a sense of justice, of fairness, of right and wrong.   Every schoolyard echoes with cries of "No fair cheating!"   We seem to know inst... ...s of Shakespeare.   4th ed.   New York: Longman-Addison Wesley Longman, 1997. Gilbert Law Dictionary.   Chicago: Harcourt Brace, 1997. Homer.   The Iliad.   Trans. Robert Fagles.   New York: Penguin, 1990. Keeton, George W.   Shakespeare's Legal and Political Background.   New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967. Kornstein, Daniel J.   Kill All the Lawyers?: Shakespeare's Legal Appeal.   Princeton: Princeton UP, 1994. The Merchant of Venice.   British Broadcasting Corp.   Prod. Jonathan Miller.   Dir. Jack Gold.   Time-Life Video, 1980. Shakespeare, William.   The Merchant of Venice.   Bevington 178-215. ---.   The Merry Wives of Windsor.   Bevington 252-87. Ward, Ian.   Shakespeare and the Legal Imagination.   Law in Context.   London: Butterworths, 1999. White, Edward J.   Commentaries on the Law in Shakespeare.   St. Louis: F.H. Thomas Law Book Co., 1911.   

Internet Does Harm Than Good

The Internet is a web that connects all the computers in the world. It's a good way to connect with people; without the internet people can lose their connections. For me the internet doesn't bring any harm to the world. In contrary with it the people move much faster in every way. Instead i think that is the people that use it are the ones that bring harm to the world . Not only the people but the way they use it. People bring cyber bullying, murders, verbal harm and more to the Internet.In my school there was a case of cyber bullying were one person did an account on facebook; this person put a random name and started insulting people. My grade started to be more away from each other; there were more little groups of people than before. This shows how via the Internet a person broke the unity of a group of people. I do believe The Internet brings more harm than good. There are a lot of people connecting but there is also millions of cases of people being harmed on the Internet. )Th e Internet's definition by wikipedia is a â€Å"network of networks†. The Internet has brought a lot of good points, but as with any tool, I would like to add that misuse has made the Internet bad. Remember, the Internet is a useful tool, but all that glitters is not gold. Firstly, the Internet is a place which is NOT safe for children. This is basically because of threats of pop-ups, pornography and scams that can trick the child. The Internet is not only an unsafe place for children, but also a bad influence to young teenagers.Pornography from the Internet is leading to the rise of a society of perverts, paedophiles and freaks, who are unable to contain their sexual desires. The number of rape cases this year in Malaysia alone has shocked officials and even the Prime Minister. Teenagers are the group targeted by the Internet. 28% of teenagers globally watch pornography. This might be a minority of people, but the way Internet has affected us in such a way is shocking. The b ad effect on the younger generation, our future leaders, is undeniable.Do keep in mind that the presence of â€Å"net-nannies† and safesearch programs does not deter our children as 20% of the so called â€Å"bad† side of the Internet is overlooked by safesearch programs. However, 10% of non-harmful content such as â€Å"breast cancer† on the internet is filtered by the safesearches used to deter pornography. 3)Harm – Visiting inappropriate site. – Involved with E-Bullying. – Privacy is being compromised by the ever increasing storage of personal data on servers. – The Internet can be used for crime as well as legal activities.

Understanding Endings on Latin Comparative Adjectives

Understanding Endings on Latin Comparative Adjectives Parents of English-speaking children generally witness a phase in their childrens development when they seem confused as to the correct form of the comparative adjective. Is it more better, gooder, or what? That children generally do figure it out is part of the miracle of our ability to use language. When learning a second language as an adult, its much harder. Comparatives can definitely become eye-glossing-over material. They wouldnt be if the comparatives were all regular and easy, but there is little to tell you which adjectives are going to be regular, which in English means they take an -er or -ier ending, or irregular, which means... who knows what. Although we could probably do without this similarity with English, Latin, too, has not only regular  but also irregular adjectives: Bonus - good, melior/melius - better (irregular in Latin and English)Malus - bad, pejus/pejor - worse (irregular in Latin and English)Magnus - great, major/majus - greaterParvus - small, little, minor/minus -less (irregular in Latin and English)Multus - much, many, plures - more (irregular in Latin and English) In addition to having irregular adjectives in the comparative, Latin adjectives have to be declined to go along with the noun or pronoun they modify. Remember that declining an adjective to go along with the noun means that If the noun is neuter, so is the adjective.If the noun is plural, so is the adjective.If the noun is in one case, so is the adjective. In the comparative, you dont have to worry about whether the noun is masculine or feminine, just whether or not its neuter. Thats because the endings on comparative adjectives dont follow the 1st and 2nd declensions. Instead, comparative adjectives follow the 3rd declension, with the following exceptions. no -i, but an -e for the ablative singular,an -a instead of -ia for the neuter plural nominative/accusative, anda similar lack of /i/ for the neuter plural. Now well look at some actual declensions of an adjective in the comparative: the Latin for longer. The Latin for long is longus, -a, um. To find the base of the adjective, which you need, since you add the ending to it, look at the genitive and remove the genitival ending. The genitive singular forms of longus, -a, -um are longi, longae, longi. Removing the genitive endings leaves long-. It is to this base that the comparative endings are added, as shown: Singular nom. masc/fem. longiorgen. masc/fem. longiorisdat. masc/fem. longioriacc. masc/fem. longioremabl. masc/fem. longiorenom. neut. longiusgen. neut. longiorisdat. neut. longioriacc. neut. longiusabl. neut. longiore Plural nom. masc/fem. longioresgen. masc/fem. longiorumdat. masc/fem. longioribusacc. masc/fem. longioresabl. masc/fem. longioribusnom. neut. longioragen. neut. longiorumdat. neut. longioribusacc. neut. longioraabl. neut. longioribus

Jefferson and Roosevelts Attacks on the Court System essays

Jefferson and Roosevelts Attacks on the Court System essays In 1798, there was a young Republican publicist named Benjamin Franklin Bache, the editor of the Philadelphia Aurora, who was known as Lightning Rod, Junior because he was the grandson of Benjamin Franklin and was known for his shocking phraseology. Impetuous, harsh, narrow-minded and devoted to the belief that the sins of the mighty must be exposed, he once made fun of Abigail Adams for crying when her husband was greatly honored. He made a habit of accusing President Adams of nepotism, misuse of public funds and monarchic ambitions, calling him old, querulous, bald, blind, crippled, toothless Adams. Abigail retaliated by describing Bache as that lying wretch of a Bache. 1 The Aurora and other Republican newspapers continued to attach Federalist foreign policy. They demanded that America try to negotiate a settlement with France and accused the Federalists of using the threat of war with France to gain support for their party. Adams was galled by the accusations and became almost sick over them and the conflict with France; he was trying to build the nations defenses, yet hoping to persuade France to adopt conciliation. He was trying to walk the thin line between a declaration of war and humble acceptance of the French attacks. The divisive Republican attitude made his position difficult because he believed the nation could avoid a potentially catastrophic war if it appeared united. Reflecting this fear, the Federalist newspapers declared bluntly that in the current situation dissent equaled treason. One Federalist editor concluded that any American who opposed the administration is an anarchist, a Jacobin, and a traitor. By the middle of 1798 many Federalists became convinced that if the country was going to avoid foreign domination and civil strife, the Republican press denunciations must cease. Certainly, public discussion of important issues was important in a free ...

Human Rights Nonprofit Advocacy Organisations In Uk Social Work Essay Essays

Human Rights Nonprofit Advocacy Organisations In Uk Social Work Essay Essays Human Rights Nonprofit Advocacy Organisations In Uk Social Work Essay Essay Human Rights Nonprofit Advocacy Organisations In Uk Social Work Essay Essay The constitution of public policy requires strong protagonism administrations as they are boosters and Godheads of policy thoughts, suppliers of indispensable resources ( expertness, financess and information ) and makers of public sentiment needed to accomplish effectual policies. There is an ample diverseness within the population of protagonism group, some are good set up advocators with memorable histories of policy work while others are freshly emerged administrations recommending for a cause. Working on a assortment of subjects, they operate at all degrees in the policy sphere. They have many organisational signifiers, support beginnings, and protections. Their activities cover a broad scope of tactics that include lobbying, forming, research, run finance, and so forth ( McNutt, 2010 ) . Nowadays it s non an easy undertaking to measure who and how many administrations engage in protagonism activities. Measuring lobbying outgo is non plenty as lobbying is merely one among assorted activities included in protagonism pattern. Advocacy includes a huge scope of undertakings such as researching, letter-writing, analysing, educating, skill-building, constructing relationships, mobilizing, forming, protesting, petitioning, facilitating, rousing power, convention, etc ( Avner, 2004 ) . There are plentifulness of chances for administrations to progress a policy and societal alteration without even prosecuting in lobbying. Advocacy is an indispensable activity for non-profit-making administrations in United Kingdom. In its assorted signifiers, whether implies buttonholing or instruction and agenda-setting, protagonism plays an of import function in the non-profit-making sector. Therefore understanding what non-profit-making protagonism is, how and to what extent protagonism is practiced and what are the nucleus organizational features with an impact on protagonism engagement is of a important affair. Most non-profit-making protagonism is carried by administrations with a nucleus mission of protagonism but direct service administrations gained recently a significant function in the protagonism sphere. An of import issue is that this type of administrations face particular challenges when practising advocacy non as a primarly but as a secondary organisational map to back up the nucleus mission of direct service. ( Kimberlin, 2010 ) Assorted philosophical and practical barriers are faced by direct services non-profit-making administrations when they try to implement effectual protagonism activities. The chief philosophical barrier is related to the unwilligness to to the full authorise components as advocators expressed by some service oriented not-for-profits. In this instance components are regarded more as service receivers instead so active organisation representatives. Althought there is a clear tendency in public policy doing to back up the demand for non-profit-making direct service administrations to leverage the cognition and expertness of their components and staff to recommend for societal justness ( Donaldson, 2008 ) . Practical barriers can be deficiency of support, fright of requital from nucleus organisational funders or limited protagonism accomplishments among staff. Literature reappraisal There are many ways to specify non-profit-making protagonism. Even if many non-profit-making administrations advocate on behalf of single clients, more frequently non-profit-making protagonism refers to collective protagonism. A frequent definition of non-profit-making protagonism is produced by Jenkins who describe protagonism as any effort tp influence the determinations of an institutional elite on behalf of a corporate involvement. ( Jenkins, 1987:297 ) . Scholars have advanced definitions that emphasize the struggle inherent in protagonism, for them advocacy organisations do public involvement claims either advancing or defying societal alteration that, if implemented, would conflict with the societal, cultural, political, or economic involvements or values of other constituencies and groups. ( Andrews and Edwards, 2004:481 ) Assorted researchings differentiate between self involvement organisational protagonism and progressive protagonism. If self involvement protagonism is designed to protect administration support contracts, progressive protagonism pattern refers to advocacy that ( 1 ) seeks to reference underlying structural and power unfairnesss as distinct from protagonism motivated by organisational involvement, and ( 2 ) applies strategies that meaningfully prosecute clients or components in all facets of the protagonism procedure. ( Donaldson, 2008:26 ) In this instance protagonism s primarly intent is to progress the involvements of components, instead so self involvements. Furthermore components are engaged in the protagonism sphere. Another position in specifying non-profit-making protagonism is the scope of administrations categorized as not-for-profit. In a research about protagonism administrations engaged in the political procedure, Andrews and Edwards ( 2004 ) include involvement groups, societal motion administrations and direct service not-for-profit bureaus. Some protagonism research workers ( Reid, 2006 ) analyzed administrations for whom protagonism is a nucleus mission. Others ( Donaldson, 2008 ) have explored direct service administrations that consider protagonism as a secondary organizational activity. Few researches focus on protagonism across both types of non-profit-making administrations ( Salmon, 2002 ) . Research purpose The intent of this thesis is to analyze the patterns of service orientated non-profit-making administrations in the specific field of human rights ( LGBT sector ) . The purpose of this survey is to place organisational features associated with engagement in protagonism, practical schemes and best patterns for easing protagonism attempts in organisations that conduct protagonism as a secondary instead than core organisational activity in the human rights field ( LGBT sector ) . Footings of mention To what extent non-profit-making organisations triping in human rights field ( LGBT sector ) participate in the protagonism sphere? There is any relationship between reception of authorities support and engagement in protagonism? Can assorted non-profit-making features, like organisational size and adulthood, have an influence on protagonism apetite? Can serve oriented non-profit-making administrations employ the same schemes used by nucleus protagonism not-for-profits? What are the restrictions? What are the most effectual patterns and schemes for non-profit-making administrations triping in human rights field ( LGBT sector ) to accomplish protagonism ends? Another unsolved inquiry in the literature that examines not-for-profit protagonism is the extent to which bureau protagonism behaviour is motivated by self or agency-interest, for illustration, to protect support beginnings, or make bureaus have a broader intent to their protagonism agenda that includes turn toing structural and power unfairnesss. the reply to these inquiries might act upon the schemes and tactics bureaus use in their protagonism pattern, that is, whether or non the bureau engages in progressive protagonism, or protagonism that is largely expert-driven and motivated chiefly by agency-interest. Advocacy is stating or showing something you know to person you know in order to better the quality of life for others ( Mitchell and Philibert 2002 ; Zeitler 2007 ) In order to be most effectual, protagonism attempts require a echt desire for alteration and efi ¬?cient communicating. Advocacy besides involves constructing relationships with fellow advocators, every bit good as elected ofi ¬?cials at the local, province, and national degrees ( LaRocco and Bruns 2005 ; Zeitler 2007 ) . Andrews, K. A ; Edwards, B. ( 2004 ) . Advocacy organisations in the U.S. political procedure. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 479-506. hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.leedsmet.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=10HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.leedsmet.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=10 A ; hid=113 A ; sid=e8d04f04-1eaf-4dc2-808a-2754c2071dd5 @ sessionmgr112 amp ; HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.leedsmet.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=10 A ; hid=113 A ; sid=e8d04f04-1eaf-4dc2-808a-2754c2071dd5 @ sessionmgr112 hid=113HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.leedsmet.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=10 A ; hid=113 A ; sid=e8d04f04-1eaf-4dc2-808a-2754c2071dd5 @ sessionmgr112 amp ; HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.leedsmet.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=10 A ; hid=113 A ; sid=e8d04f04-1eaf-4dc2-808a-2754c2071dd5 @ sessionmgr112 sid=e8d04f04-1eaf-4dc2-808a-2754c2071dd5 % 40sessionmgr112 Avner, M. ( 2004 ) . The lobbying and protagonism enchiridion for non-profit-making organisations: Determining public policy at the province and local degree. St. Paul, MN: Amherst H. Wilder Foundation. Donaldson, L. ( 2008 ) . Developing a progressive protagonism plan within a human services bureau. Administration in Social Work, 32 ( 2 ) , 25-47. Jenkins, J. C. ( 1987 ) . Nonprofit organisations and policy protagonism. In W. Powell ( Ed. ) , The non-profit-making sector: A research enchiridion ( pp. 296-320 ) . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Kimberlin, Sara E. ( 2010 ) Advocacy by Nonprofit organizations: Functions and Practices of Core Advocacy Organizations and Direct Service Agencies , Journal of Policy Practice, 9: 3, 164 182 hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2010.487249 LaRocco, D. J. , A ; Bruns, D. A. ( 2005 ) . Advocacy is merely a phone call off: Schemes to do a difference on behalf of kids and their households. Young Exceptional Children, 8 ( 4 ) , 11-18. McNutt, John G. ( 2010 ) Researching Advocacy Groups: Internet Sources for Research about Public Interest Groups and Social Movement Organizations , Journal of Policy Practice, 9: 3, 308 312 hypertext transfer protocol: //dx.doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2010.487247 Mitchell, L. M. , A ; Philibert, D. B. ( 2002 ) . Family, professional, and political protagonism: Rights and duties. Young Exceptional Children, 5 ( 4 ) , 11-18. Reid, E. ( 2006 ) . Nonprofit protagonism and political engagement. In E. T. Boris A ; C. E. Steuerle ( Eds. ) , Nonprofits and authorities: Collaboration and struggle ( pp.343-371 ) . Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.campuskitchens.org/kellogg/images/ves/nonprofit_advocacy_and_participation.pdf Salamon, L. ( 2002 ) . Explaining non-profit-making protagonism: An explorative analysis. Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Policy Studies, Center for Civil Society Studies Working Paper No. 21. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cedag-eu.org/uploads/File/workingpaper21.pdf

Strategic leadership skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Strategic leadership skills - Essay Example Though as a leader, a person possesses authority due to the position occupied relative to the followers, attractiveness of a leader is more than status or authority. Leaders who demonstrate concern and care for others within the organisation tend to be attractive to followers and hence gain positive attention (Brown and Trevino 597). Such credibility enhances the effectiveness of such a leader being a role model to the followers within an organisation creating shared values, and furthermore enhances trustworthiness, especially if they practice the values they have set. In a business environment where ethicality can be lost amidst messages of higher performance and the bottom-line, value led leaders also focus on frequently communicating on ethicality in business dealings. Not only does such a leader set high ethical standards for others but also bid by such ethical values. Analysing leadership theories that overlap the ethical and value based approach to leadership, it can be noted t hat authentic, spiritual and transformational leadership theories strongly advocated and focus on concern for others within the organisation integrity and ethics in decision making, role modelling, and emphasizes on values, vision and intellectual stimulation as core and critical in effective value based strategic leadership. An organisation’s regulatory, legal or ethical requirements also play a critical role on strategies adopted by leaders. In this case, DoT is governed by a number.... This implies that a leader needs to be clear on the values that they champion, and they need to clearly and effectively communicate this value to the key stakeholders in a manner that it is meaningful to them. Furthermore, strategic leaders ensure that their actions align with their espoused values. In deed Lichtenstein (2) found in their research that a leader’s values had a stronger impact on the performance of an organisation than did their age, tenure, education or experience. Though as a leader, a person possesses authority due to the position occupied relative to the followers, attractiveness of a leader is more than status or authority. Leaders who demonstrate concern and care for others within the organisation tend to be attractive to followers and hence gain positive attention (Brown and Trevino 597). Such credibility enhances the effectiveness of such a leader being a role model to the followers within an organisation creating shared values, and furthermore enhances trustworthiness, especially if they practice the values they have set. In a business environment where ethicality can be lost amidst messages of higher performance and the bottom-line, value led leaders also focus on frequently communicating on ethicality in business dealings. Not only does such a leader set high ethical standards for others but also bid by such ethical values. Analysing leadership theories that overlap the ethical and value based approach to leadership, it can be noted that authentic, spiritual and transformational leadership theories strongly advocated and focus on concern for others within the organisation integrity and ethics in decision making,

Anonymity and exclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anonymity and exclusion - Essay Example This culture of anonymity conceals the criminal participation. The unintentional creation of anonymity has rendered loss of information to the society especially through destructive events and passage of crucial time. Some countries regard anonymity as an illegal trend. Most people who have been threatened usually use anonymity as a mitigating factor. In mature democracies like the United States of America, states have the stop and identify policies which requires that a person to abide by self -identity. The concept of exclusion implies the inability of an individual to participate in social, political and economic activities. Hugh-Jones & Reinstein (2009) asserts that social exclusion is regarded as a result feature of unemployment. Unemployed persons have no adequate income to survive hence they are socially excluded from the society. However, employed persons can put up in a polluted vicinity hence rendering life uncomfortable. Legally, this is a two way traffic scenario. Coleman,  S., & Queens University (Kingston, Ont.) (2003). The e-connected world: Risks and opportunities. Montreal: Published for the School of Policy Studies, Queens University by McGill-Queens University

Compare and Contrast Applied Research to Traditional Research Essay

Compare and Contrast Applied Research to Traditional Research - Essay Example Respondents always ask traditional researchers questions like how the research improves the real life cases, the actual concerns addressed by the research and the effectiveness of research. In most cases, basic researcher must answer by explaining that their study is mainly concerned about advancing human knowledge and may not have direct application, (Brown, 2008). Differences Basic research aims at investigating crucial behavioral bases, without considering how such bases are seen in practical situations. In other words, researchers use traditional research specifically for the information gathering purpose and with the aim of building on previous knowledge, while applied research is aimed at a certain question resolution. This shows researcher how mind information is connected to other information – this does not occur in real life situation. Applied research seeks to deal with and answer real life concerns and modern world problems. Fundamentally, pure research can be cons idered traditional research based on earlier theory, for instance, topic of applied research are topics such as thoughts of eye witness, psychological conditions healthcare treatments, persuasion, behavioral interventions of autism children and making of decisions. A researcher who does brain studies to know about overall operation is conducting traditional research, whereas as researcher who is investigating Alzheimer disorder origin is engaged in pure research. Pure research strives to build on earlier traditional research and traditional research, on the other hand, could be defined as the basis of knowledge that offers researchers with initial information required to pursue certain research areas. In the above neurologist’s case, for instance, the researcher who engages in pure research on a condition of neurology will mainly apply an increasingly general study by neurologist investigating the brain, (Cardy, Puffer & Newman, 208). The distinction between the two researche s can blur, for instance, an investigator playing around with batteries and energy-conserving methods may unintentionally discover a revolutionary battery that could be used as an industrial product. Therefore, in such a case, a study done to create means of comprehending and conserving energy may act as an immediate practical world applications like solar energy storage collected by solar panels on a building. Traditional research explores and tests generalized theories, ideals and concerns from which the entire world originates from to animal communication means. Some researchers have suggested that traditional research should not be considered, since it does not always lead to human beings benefits, but various pure research programs can be difficult to handle and start without traditional research. Traditional research study ensures that pure researchers have no need of wheel reinvention any time they set on a new program as the basic operations are already done. Similarities Th e two research types are intertwined and work as complements to each other. Basic study provides solutions to basic concerns of how things work. Similarly, applied scientists and researchers apply traditional research knowledge to enhance existing products, procedures, and techniques, (Amon, Gersbach & Sorger, 2010). In the same way, traditional resea

A Report Based Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

A Report Based Assignment - Essay Example The juxtaposition of the personal and professional is central to professional and ethical practise. This report will concentrate on the application of theories to nursing practise. It will deal with the importance of applying theories in clinical settings and the effects this can have on quality of care. Barriers to using theory in practise will be explored, as will the roles that practitioners, managers, theorists and educators can play in encouraging the development and use of theory-rooted practise. The use of ‘planned change’ strategies will also be discussed. It is a truism that theories are not being used in a systematic way to guide the delivery of client care. Many writers also acknowledge that the link between theories and practise is necessary for nursing’s claim to be the provider of professional care. For instance, Chalmers (1989) argues that, without a strong orientation towards the work of theorists and the work of practitioners, the basic requirements for a profession are missing. Botha (49-55) supports this argument and goes further by stating that only if we are able to prove that this link exists will we be ‘legitimate contenders’ for professional status. Previously, nursing practise has been inclined by traditional knowledge passed down through generations by unconfirmed report and in published textbooks. Without methodical confirmation for practise, nurses have done the best they could in the patients importance. Much of the nursing care offered has been rooted on own knowledge and the knowledges of nurses and others who have left before. Even today, much of mental health nursing practise is still grounded in tradition, disorganised experiment and mistake, and authority, rather than being rooted on sound experimental studies (Wilson, 42-56). Certainly, some mental health nursing knowledge approaches from "Old Wives Tales," reflecting the viewpoints of women from former days.

Fedex Ad Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fedex Ad Analysis - Essay Example The creativity of the FedEx Ad is to attract more customers ad appeals to the young generation. The graphics in the Ad are also meant to imply that the competition is lagging behind and trying to keep up with the competition is trying to keep up with the company both in cargo carrying capacity and speed all around states. The ad is impressively creative to lay the groundwork for future customer base. It was meant to help boost the employees morale ad solidify the efforts of the company to expand its shares in the delivery market. It implies flexibility and the advantage of a large carrying capacity in a company that ensures that your goods get to their destination safely. The company advertisement is meant to persuade the customers that they are dedicated to their jobs and they understand the needs of the consumer and are ready to fulfill them faster ad effectively. The use of optical illusions and graphics were meant to attract the consumer and have those customers talking which would help with brand awareness which leads to increased customer base. The advertisement was also meant to challenge the competition in keeping up with it as well as providing better services for the customers. The FedEx ad is directed to both customer and competing brand, it appeals to the customers and attract their attention in a field that is highly used in transporting goods from one place to another all over the states. FedEx has established a loyal customer base due to their quality services but the stiff competition from other companies has provided a level playing field. The company has used strategic advertising to give them an edge. The aesthetic appeal of the trucks is to attract more young generation. The use of the competing brand is to appreciate and acknowledge the competition while preying at their weakness. Companies in a competitive field have to keep coming up with new strategies to improve their businesses, keep

Effects of Green and Blue Light on the Rate of Photosynthesis Lab Report

Effects of Green and Blue Light on the Rate of Photosynthesis - Lab Report Example This essay stresses that since photosynthesis and respiration occur simultaneously, the amount of oxygen generated by the former is cut back by the amount the former consumes. The difference between gross photosynthesis and the amount of oxygen consumed during respiration is referred to as net photosynthesis. This experiment aims to establish the dependence of net photosynthesis on light levels. This paper declares that the first experiment was conducted using the following procedure: Each group cut 10–12 leaf disks from the English Ivy leaves using the paper punch over the weighing paper. This was done to ensure that all the disks are of uniform size. Only those with no tissue damage (jagged edges) were used in the experiment. The next step involved using the syringes to drive out air from the leaf disks. This was done removing the plunger and inserting the disks in the syringe. After this the infiltration solution was added into the syringe up to the 6 ml mark, and the plunger inserted and depressed to remove air. We then covered the tip of the syringe with thumbs and drew the plunger back to create a vacuum for five seconds. The thumb was removed, and the plunger depressed severally until the leaf disks sank. This procedure was repeated to produce four sets of leaf disks for the four replicas of the experiment, hence bringing the sample size to 80. In conducting th e actual experiment, each group added 50 ml of bicarbonate buffer solution into the cylinder and then emptied the infiltration solution and leaf disks from one syringe into the beaker. ... Experiment 1 Materials The materials used in the first experiment were: Leaves (English Ivy) Paper punch Blunt probe Eight 100 ml beakers Bicarbonate solution Infiltration solution 10 ml syringes Cheese cloth Source of light (normal) Stop watches Ruler Calculator Ice bath Blue and green color filters (four of each) Refrigerator Graduate cylinder Weighing paper Method The first experiment was conducted using the following procedure: Each group cut 10–12 leaf disks from the English Ivy leaves using the paper punch over the weighing paper. This was done to ensure that all the disks are of uniform size. Only those with no tissue damage (jagged edges) were used in the experiment. The next step involved using the syringes to drive out air from the leaf disks. This was done removing the plunger and inserting the disks in the syringe. After this the infiltration solution was added into the syringe up to the 6 ml mark, and the plunger inserted and depressed to remove air. We then cover ed the tip of the syringe with thumbs and drew the plunger back to create a vacuum for five seconds. The thumb was removed, and the plunger depressed severally until the leaf disks sank. This procedure was repeated to produce four sets of leaf disks for the four replicas of the experiment, hence bringing the sample size to 80. In conducting the actual experiment, each group added 50 ml of bicarbonate buffer solution into the cylinder and then emptied the infiltration solution and leaf disks from one syringe into the beaker. We then added the rest of the bicarbonate solution into the reaction beaker, discarding leaf disks that did not sink. This was done using 8 beakers, each containing 10

A Report Based Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

A Report Based Assignment - Essay Example The juxtaposition of the personal and professional is central to professional and ethical practise. This report will concentrate on the application of theories to nursing practise. It will deal with the importance of applying theories in clinical settings and the effects this can have on quality of care. Barriers to using theory in practise will be explored, as will the roles that practitioners, managers, theorists and educators can play in encouraging the development and use of theory-rooted practise. The use of ‘planned change’ strategies will also be discussed. It is a truism that theories are not being used in a systematic way to guide the delivery of client care. Many writers also acknowledge that the link between theories and practise is necessary for nursing’s claim to be the provider of professional care. For instance, Chalmers (1989) argues that, without a strong orientation towards the work of theorists and the work of practitioners, the basic requirements for a profession are missing. Botha (49-55) supports this argument and goes further by stating that only if we are able to prove that this link exists will we be ‘legitimate contenders’ for professional status. Previously, nursing practise has been inclined by traditional knowledge passed down through generations by unconfirmed report and in published textbooks. Without methodical confirmation for practise, nurses have done the best they could in the patients importance. Much of the nursing care offered has been rooted on own knowledge and the knowledges of nurses and others who have left before. Even today, much of mental health nursing practise is still grounded in tradition, disorganised experiment and mistake, and authority, rather than being rooted on sound experimental studies (Wilson, 42-56). Certainly, some mental health nursing knowledge approaches from "Old Wives Tales," reflecting the viewpoints of women from former days.

Effects of Green and Blue Light on the Rate of Photosynthesis Lab Report

Effects of Green and Blue Light on the Rate of Photosynthesis - Lab Report Example This essay stresses that since photosynthesis and respiration occur simultaneously, the amount of oxygen generated by the former is cut back by the amount the former consumes. The difference between gross photosynthesis and the amount of oxygen consumed during respiration is referred to as net photosynthesis. This experiment aims to establish the dependence of net photosynthesis on light levels. This paper declares that the first experiment was conducted using the following procedure: Each group cut 10–12 leaf disks from the English Ivy leaves using the paper punch over the weighing paper. This was done to ensure that all the disks are of uniform size. Only those with no tissue damage (jagged edges) were used in the experiment. The next step involved using the syringes to drive out air from the leaf disks. This was done removing the plunger and inserting the disks in the syringe. After this the infiltration solution was added into the syringe up to the 6 ml mark, and the plunger inserted and depressed to remove air. We then covered the tip of the syringe with thumbs and drew the plunger back to create a vacuum for five seconds. The thumb was removed, and the plunger depressed severally until the leaf disks sank. This procedure was repeated to produce four sets of leaf disks for the four replicas of the experiment, hence bringing the sample size to 80. In conducting th e actual experiment, each group added 50 ml of bicarbonate buffer solution into the cylinder and then emptied the infiltration solution and leaf disks from one syringe into the beaker. ... Experiment 1 Materials The materials used in the first experiment were: Leaves (English Ivy) Paper punch Blunt probe Eight 100 ml beakers Bicarbonate solution Infiltration solution 10 ml syringes Cheese cloth Source of light (normal) Stop watches Ruler Calculator Ice bath Blue and green color filters (four of each) Refrigerator Graduate cylinder Weighing paper Method The first experiment was conducted using the following procedure: Each group cut 10–12 leaf disks from the English Ivy leaves using the paper punch over the weighing paper. This was done to ensure that all the disks are of uniform size. Only those with no tissue damage (jagged edges) were used in the experiment. The next step involved using the syringes to drive out air from the leaf disks. This was done removing the plunger and inserting the disks in the syringe. After this the infiltration solution was added into the syringe up to the 6 ml mark, and the plunger inserted and depressed to remove air. We then cover ed the tip of the syringe with thumbs and drew the plunger back to create a vacuum for five seconds. The thumb was removed, and the plunger depressed severally until the leaf disks sank. This procedure was repeated to produce four sets of leaf disks for the four replicas of the experiment, hence bringing the sample size to 80. In conducting the actual experiment, each group added 50 ml of bicarbonate buffer solution into the cylinder and then emptied the infiltration solution and leaf disks from one syringe into the beaker. We then added the rest of the bicarbonate solution into the reaction beaker, discarding leaf disks that did not sink. This was done using 8 beakers, each containing 10

The Canons of Christianity Essay Example for Free

The Canons of Christianity Essay The 20-something year-old new employee bravely asked her new coworker, Are you a Christian? She had bee taught to be strong in her faith and to not have fear in asking such questions. The coworker replied, No, Im not a Christian. Im Catholic. To this answer, the young female apostolate had not been prepared with a response. She returned home that evening confused and questioning the understanding she had of Christianity. The word Christian means Christ-like, or having to do with the Christ (Random, 2006). The larger umbrella of Christianity centers on a faith which follows the life, practices, and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who is also called Jesus Christ; meaning Jesus The Messiah or anointed one (Rutgers, 2005). Unlike Judaism, which is segregated only by Orthodox Jews and non-orthodox Jews, Christianity has grown to be segregated into many denominations; all which follow the teachings of Jesus. Some of these denominations include Catholic, Presbyterian, Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, and many others. Because Christianity has been divided by denominations which each practice their faith in some differential manner, there has been many occasion for confusion or misconception. History The history of the Christian faith traces its beginnings back to the creation of the world in the same manner as Judaism. Both these faith traditions, as well as Islam, are monotheistic religions acknowledging one supreme being or deity. The historical background of Christianity is a shared history with Judaism. Many biblical scholars contend that Christianity began as a Jewish sect. Later, the followers of Christ became so numerous that the two faith followings completely severed connection to each other. The two main reasons for this separation are 1) Christianity came to regard Jesus as in some sense Gods presence in human form; a concept that was unacceptable to the Jewish law, and 2) Judaism is defined by a covenant made between God and the Jewish people. This covenant was solidified through the law. Jesus stated that he came to abolish the old law. Jewish faith believes that following the law is what leads to eternal redemption. Abolishing this set of laws would negate the entire foundation of the Jewish faith. In the New Testament scriptures, Jesus says that there is a new law; to love the Lord your God with all your heart, and soul, and strength. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it. You should love your neighbor as yourself (NRSV, 2006). This is the law to which the Christian faith adheres. God, The Creator Being a monotheistic faith, Christians believe there is one supreme deity; being God the Creator. The Genesis story of creation has taken on many interpretations including a very literal interpretation, as well as metaphoric interpretations. In either sense, Christianity believes God created all life. There are vast differences between how faiths view the concept of God. Some envision God as being omnipotent and omniscient and not requiring interaction with human beings. The other end of this perception spectrum would be revealed in pantheism; which does not make any distinction between God and the world. Christianity holds a middle ground in maintaining a necessary connection with the Creator. Another large distinction between Christianity and other faith traditions is the concept of the Trinity. While Christianity holds that there is one God, there is the belief that this one God is represented in the triune presence of God the Creator, Jesus the savior who is God in the physical flesh, and God the Holy Spirit represented as God with the human heart. This triune nature of God has been a concept of controversy for many years. There are believers who wholeheartedly believe in the Creator God, yet have difficulty understanding and accepting the Trinity. One scholar best explains this concept through the analogy of a human being. An individual, being one person, can be the child of their parents, sibling to their siblings, and parent to their own children. In this sense, the individual is parent, sibling and child, being only one person with three identities (Corkland, 2004). Jesus Jesus was born into the family lineage of the house of David; which is documented in the first book of the Bible, Genesis. The first five books of the Christian Bible, the Pentateuch, and the first half of the Christian Bible known as the Old Testament, are the same writings that make up the Jewish Torah. However, this is where the two faiths divide. While Judaism acknowledges the Jewish background of the man named Jesus, the Jewish religion does not acknowledge this man to be the messiah. The birth of Jesus fulfilled many of the prophecies of the Old Testament. Prophets from many years and ages had told of one who would be the promised one, the messiah, the Christ. Purportedly born in a stable because there was no room in the inn, and born of an immaculate conception, Jesus fulfilled the prophecies of the Old Testament. Little is mentioned of the young years of the life of Jesus. The scriptures make reference to the virgin birth, Jesus at an early age of around 12 years old, then the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist. This event takes place when Jesus was beginning his earthly ministry; which lasted only 3 years. During this ministry, Jesus called 12 men to follow him and be his disciples. According to the scriptures, these men left their jobs, their homes, and their families and followed Jesus as he taught, until the time of Jesus death and resurrection. Conflict There are many incidents and occurrences within the Christian faith which create opportunity for conflict. Much of this conflict arises from the sacred texts of the Christian faith. Conflicts arise in determining the authenticity of the books of the Christian Bible as well as the authorship of the books. In addition to these conflicts, there is much controversy over the translations and transliterations of the sacred texts. Many scholars of the Bible texts have indicated that the translations from the original text into contemporary verbiage have created inaccuracies and inconsistencies which have allowed these sacred texts to be a source of love and support, as well as hurt, hatred and destruction. Episcopal Bishop John Shelby Spong writes, I had to face openly and admit honestly those things about which most Christians are neither knowledgeable nor aware. I had to document the evil that Christians have so frequently tendered to others in the name of our religion, including the way we have justified violence with biblical quotations (Spong, 2005). Generations have misquoted the Biblical texts to persecute people of specific groups in the name of Christianity and with the Bible being the supporting documentation. In the sermon words of Rev. Kenneth L. Martin, Any text taken out of context becomes someones pretext. Conclusion There are numerous religious traditions celebrated and practiced across the globe. Followers of each religious tradition, regardless of how old the tradition is, have specific foundations and guidelines being adhered to. The followers of each faith tradition believe their tradition is right and beneficial. While the sacred texts of a particular faith, such as Judaism or Christianity, can be back-dated for many years, there remains a contention of the validity of these texts in modern comprehension. There exists no person alive today who heard the spoken words of Jesus of Nazareth. Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen (NRSV, 2006). This is the basis of all faith traditions, and certainly is inclusive of the tradition of Christianity. References Corkland, J., 2004, The Nature of God, Bantam Publishing, Ch. 7, pg. 148 NRSV, 2006, Mark 12: 28-34, electronically retrieved on October 19, 2007 from http://www.biblebb.com/files/mac/sg2358.htm NRSV, 2006, Hebrews 11: 1, electronically retrieved on October 19, 2007 from http://www.biblebb.com/files/mac/sg2358.htm Random House, 2006, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, electronically retrieved on October 18, 2007 from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/christian Rutgers, 2005, What is Christianity, electronically retrieved on October, 19, 2007 from http://geneva.rutgers.edu/src/christianity/major.html Spong, J., 2005, The Sins of Scripture; Exposing the Bibles Texts of Hate to Reveal the God of Love, Harper Collins, Ch. 1, pg. 13

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer I decided to evaluate the quotation by Pablo Picasso: Art is a lie that brings us nearer to the truth because the claim contains several issues that, depending on the definition, may lead to further difficulties in interpretation. What do we mean by truth?; What is a lie; What do we mean by arts?; Who do we consider when saying us? A piece of art, as a separate subject, is hermetically understood by every individual. It inspires us all, both creators and receivers of the art leading to specific, personal, conclusions. Therefore, not only the main assumption but also the main outcome of the arts is relativism; that is why we cannot state any absolute values in it. As Pablo Picasso once said: You will not understand arts as long as you wont understand that in arts 1+1 may give any result but 2  [1]  . This underlines, I believe, that art is never able to give an absolute answer, therefore is a lie in absolute terms. Hence, art outlines only the artists personal impression, his tru th, and cannot be a measure of any unambiguous distinction between the absolute and impression itself. Since it is the quotation of Pablo Picasso that is evaluated in this essay, it can be explained in relation to cubist theory of truth. The theory claims the total truth is a sum of all perspectives. So the more personal truths, in relativistic terms, or various lies (not hole truths), in absolute terms, are added, the closer one gets to knowing the real truth. That is how the art is a lie that helps us realise the truth. I will prove my thesis by analysing what kind of truth do paintings of Johannes Vermeer, a realist, Pierre Auguste Renoir, an impressionist, Edward Munch, an expressionist, and Rij Rousseau, a cubist, tell me separately and altogether about women. These artists, and specific movements they represent, were chosen because of the underlying contrast in both perceiving the truth and expressing it. They represent varied approaches which will allow to present flaws in ea ch view and draw moderate conclusion, which falls into the thesis of the investigation. The painting The Milkmaid , by Vermeer, shows a woman standing in a kitchen, preparing a meal. Her face is calm and it can be judged from her clothes and the content of the room that she lives in relative luxury. The painting presents somehow the reality of the 17th century social situation in Netherlands which gives me a social and historical truth concerning woman. Additionally, Vermeers truth about women is that they are the guardians of the households. His view falls into correspondence theory of truth, which claims that something is true if it corresponds to a fact. Despite recent XXth centurys social changes concerning womans position, they have always played a major role in taking care of home. The movement itself is an example of realism that comprises in the mimetic theory of art. The concept of mimesis assumes that the purpose of the art is to copy reality. Therefore the problem arises when evaluating realism- is it false because it deals with imitation, or it is true throu gh paradox of fiction- that the model presents some regularities of human behavior? I believe that by taking from the character her personal identity in exchange for creating a generalized model, Vermeer in fact hinders the personal truth about this woman. He effectively presents the social order and historical truth, however generalization is always concerned only with average, not with all possibilities. The painting Woman with a dog of Renoir presents a woman with a dog sitting in the grass. The blurry curves are used in order to show movement of the grass. By looking at the bloom and the reddish shade on a girl it can be judged it is a late afternoon. Renoirs truth in this painting applies only to womans look in a specific place at a specific time. Additionally, the painting says something personal about her- that she probably enjoyed spending her time close to the nature, since her face expresses joy, and that she probably enjoyed watching sunsets. The painting is an ideal example of impressionism. As Childe Hassam  [4]  once noticed: The true impressionism is realism that so many people do not observe. The crucial difference, however, between these two concepts is that impressionism tries to prove that truth is not a generalisation, like in realism. Instead, it uncovers the truth about certain objects in relation to very specific time and place. Therefore, impressionism also falls into correspondence theory of truth since Renoirs painting corresponds to a fact- girls look during a sunset. However, since impressionists tried to immortalise the very glance we must ask ourselves how good truth is that? Following Monets thoughts I assume that the truth about everything would be hindered in a series of glances. Thus, showing just one of the uncountable in their number glances gives us only an insignificantly small part of the truth about women in general and the girl in particular. The painting Madonna by Edvard Munch presents a woman with sunken orbits and slender posture which makes her look like a demon. The foetus in the left corner symbolises fertility and therefore depicts woman as a source of life. Her face expresses experiencing ecstasy and by linking this image with the title of a piece, Madonna, which is the Christian perception of a Holy mother, Munch degraded the value of woman. The artist was a misogynist and his truth is that a woman is a source of all suffering, the mother of heresy and the incarnation of pure evil.  [6]  Expressionists, like Munch, disregarded mimetic approach to arts; instead they wanted to show the world through the prism of their own perception. Thus, the basic idea in this movement was not to imitate reality (so they were not interested in absolutes), but to present the very subjective and very personal opinions- just as in the coherence theory of truth. The theory claims that a proposition is true if it fits in with our overall set of beliefs. Although the concept of woman being a demon could be true for Munch, for majority of people it would be perceived as extremist and prejudiced view. However, expressionism, because of its fundamental assumptions, speaks more of the painter than of the world. Munchs perception derives from fear of woman that is why it is so narrow. Nevertheless, this narrowness is a deliberate action. Author, as an expressionist, through his works tells me: This is MY truth, what is yours? The painting of Rij-Rousseau does not describe, as the title could suggested, the outer look. In Portrait she depicted three different bodies which shows the complexity and diversity of womens nature. It can be cheerful and warm (orange), or impassive and cold (green), and there is also the person between them, poorly visible, brown- imitating the whole uncertainty and mystery of other womans embodiments. Rousseaus truth about woman is hidden in symbols: the green face resembles a mask, so the outer look, which would mean that the blithe person represents the inner nature of woman. Therefore, the painting represents the very essence of the cubist theory of truth-to present the object in the widest context possible by considering it from multiple viewpoints. In other words cubism assumes that we are getting closer to the truth the more perspectives we get to know. But now again, how good truth is that? I now realize that the absolute truth about woman means summing up all the personal truths about each woman separately, yet it is an impossible task. Furthermore, any attempt to draw a mathematically moderate view about woman would mean going back to the very beginning, so the concepts of generalization and mimesis. Therefore, what is gained through dealing with arts is not only finding out how great is our own ignorance, but also how unattainable to comprehend, and impossible to depict, the absolute truth is. What have I gained through dealing with the paintings of Vermeer, Renoir, Munch and Rousseau? The Milkmaid told me what the social status in Netherlands was in XVIIth century. Renoir immortalised some girls look at the time of a sunset, the emotions that her face expressed and the move of the grass around her. Munch told me of his greatest despise and fear of women. Rousseau showed not to trust the first impression because a woman is a very complex being. Therefore, I am wiser with the views of these four paintings, bur now I realise I am poorer with the lack of the perceptions depicted in another thousands paintings. Thus, I know that I know nothing  [8]  of the absolute truth about woman, since I just grasped only an idea of the truths complexity. When Picasso said that art is a lie that helps us realise the truth I believe he didnt mean any specific style, i.e. he didnt mean that realism is a lie, but that all the achievements in arts, in all styles and assumptions, are just n ot complete. Having in mind that Picasso actually created cubism, I cant resist evaluating his claim in relation to cubist theory of truth. According to this idea the absolute truth is a mosaic composed of various elements individual approaches. In other words, what Picasso meant is that arts is closed in specific boundaries of different styles and cannot present the whole picture, therefore is a lie. However, as new forms and concepts are created the more perspectives are added and, piece by piece, the mosaic is being completed.

Character of Touchstone in Shakespeares As You Like It :: Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

The Character of Touchstone in As You Like It As You Like It features, like so many of Shakespeare's plays, a professional clown, Touchstone, and it's worth paying some attention to his role for what it contributes towards establishing and maintaining the upbeat comic spirit of the play. For the jester is the constant commentator on what is going on. His humour, pointed or otherwise, thus inevitably contributes to the audience's awareness of what is happening, and the way in which other characters treat him is often a key indicator of their sensibilities. Touchstone is one of the gentlest and happiest clowns in all of Shakespeare. He comments on the action, makes jokes at other people's expense, and offers ironic insights about their situation. But throughout As You Like It, such traditional roles of the fool are offered and taken with a generosity of spirit so that his remarks never shake the firm comic energies of the play. When he ridicules Orlando's verses, Rosalind laughs along with him. When he points out to Corin (in 3.2) that the shepherd must be damned for never having lived at court, Corin takes it as good natured jesting (which it is). When Touchstone takes Audrey away from her rural swain, William, there are apparently no hard feelings (although much here depends on the staging). In this play, the professional jester participates in and contributes to a style of social interaction which is unqualified by any more sober and serious reflections. This makes Touchstone very different from the bitter fool of King Le ar or from the most complex fool of all, the sad Feste of Twelfth Night , both of whom offer comments that cast either a shrewd, melancholy, or bitter irony on the proceedings. Touchstone himself becomes the target of much humour by his immediate attraction to Audrey, the "foul" country lass. There is something richly comic here, seeing the staunch apologist for the sophisticated life of the court fall so quickly to his animal lust. But the satire here is very good humoured. Touchstone himself acknowledges the frailty of his vows and does not attempt to deceive anyone about his intentions.

Are calculators as effective as they were intended to be? :: Technology Education Mathematics Essays

Are calculators as effective as they were intended to be? I can remember when I was in elementary school, we were never allowed to use calculators. I always seemed to excel in math, so I never really found it necessary to use one, usually. It was when I got into junior high when I first found myself looking for a calculator to help me do my math homework. I was taking pre-algebra, and I was struggling with learning the concepts. I just could not seem to get all the steps in the right order ever. My dad, who is a math genius in my opinion, showed me how to use a sophisticated calculator that would help me check my answers. He would not let me do my homework with it, but he allowed me to check it with his calculator. The teachers always made us show all of the steps, and if we used calculators the steps would be missing on the paper. So, I found it very helpful to use a calculator to check my answers. But I also thought that the calculators were somewhat confusing and complicated. I always felt like I was doing so much work to get to an answer than if I did it on my own on paper. I felt that it was easier to do the steps on the paper, than to remember all the buttons that I would have to push on the calculator. This is when I started wondering if calculators were as effective and efficient as they were intended. I think that the way I was taught in elementary school really effected the way I thought in junior high. I always assumed that it was "bad" to use a calculator for math problems, because that is the message that the teachers in elementary school sent to all the students. By them not allowing us to use us them and experiment with them, I feel that we were "turned off" by them really. This may have been caused by the lack of experience the teachers actually had. Also, they had been doing math for so long and they never used calculators. They did not see the need for the use of them.

Traffic Jam in Dhaka City

EXAMINATION OF PROFITABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH BANKING INDUSTRY Nadim Jahangir', Shubhankar Shill2 and Md. Amlan Jahid Haque3 Abstract Loans are the riskiest asset of a bank, but these loans play a pivotal role in banks' profitability. Banks ‘profitability depends on the results of some parameters and among them Bank b Return on Equity, Market Size, Market Concentration Index, and Bank RiskMeasure are widely used and the same are investigated in the Bangladesh Banking Industry in this study for a period of the last six years. The data comes from the annual reports of individual banks listed in Dhaka StockExchange (DSE) and from the Bangladesh bankb published statistics book (Scheduled Banks Statistics). Correlation matrix and stepwise regression have been used for the purpose of data analysis. The analysisfinds that market concentration and bank b risk do little to explain bank b return on equity, whereas bankb market size is the only variable providing an explanatio n for banks return on equity in the context of Bangladesh. Introduction The tmhtional measure ofprofitabilitythrough stockholder's equity is quite different in banking industry ffom any other sector ofbusiness, where loan-to-deposit ratio works as a very good ndicator ofbanks' profitabiJity as it depicts the status of asset-liabilitymanagement ofbanks. But banks' risk is not only associated with this asset- liability management but also related to growth opportunity. Smooth growth insures higher future returns to holders and there lies the profitability which means not only current profits but future returns as well. So, market size and market concentration index along with return to equity and loan-to-deposit ratio seize the attention of analyzing the banks' profitability. The banking industry of Bangladesh is a mixed one comprising nationalized, private and foreign ommercial banks. Many efforts have been made to explain the performance of these banks. Understanding the performance ofbanks requires knowledge about the profitability and the relationshps between variables like market size, bank's risk and bank's market size with profitability. Indeed, the performance evaluation of commercial banks is especially important today because of the fierce competition. The banking (1) Dr. Nadim Jahangir (Associate Professor) holds a Ph. D. in Management from Australian Catholic University and now is teachmg in the Independent University of Bangladesh. (2) Shubhankar Shill (Lecturer) holds Master degree in Finance from Dhaka University (Bangladesh) and now is teaching in the School of Business, Independent University of Bangladesh. (3) Md. Arnlan Jahid Haque (Lecturer) holds a Master degree in Management from Rajshahi University (Bangladesh) and now is teaching in the School of Business, Independent University of Bangladesh. 36 ABAC Journal Vol. 27, No. 2 (May – August, 2007, pp. 36 – 46) Examination of PI .ofitability in the Context ofBangladesh Banking I ndusqr industry is experiencing major transition for the last two decades. It is becoming imperative for banks to endure the pressure arising from oth internal and external factors and prove to be profitable. Until early 1985, Bangladesh had a highlyrepressed financial sector (Chowhdury, 2002). Banks and other financial institutions were fully owned by the government. In the early part of 1980, Bangladesh entered into the IMF and World Bank adjustment programs and the process of privatization and liberalization gained momentum under the influence ofthe World Bank and the IMF. Since then the banking industry of Bangladesh has become an attractive ground for both domestic and foreign investors to take part in the game. It is of utmost importance that these layers prove themselves profitable. Andrews (1975) noted that it is essential to understand the strategies to achieve greater profitability. In line with this, the current study makes an effort to unearth those pillars which are maj or constituents of strategies and goals. This paper intends to analyze the importance of internal and external factors for banks return on equity. Specifically, the purpose of the study is to closely examine the relationships of bank's market concentration, market size, and bank's risk with return on equity. The intention is to decide which amongst the potential determinants appear to be mportant. Hassan, Khan, and Haque, (1 995) previously examined banks' profitability considering monetary affect and concentration in context of Bangladesh. However Fraser, Philips, and Rose (1974) stated that performance of commercial banks should not be measured by a single proxy but by a set of variables which are jointly determined by market structure, demand, and other factors. Therefore, the current study aims to propose and examine a framework incorporating bank's market concentration, bank's market size, bank's risk, and identify the relationships of these variables with bank's return on equi ty in context f Bangladesh. Literature Review Market Size Cravens (2000) elaborated that, market size is usually measured by currency, sales andlor unit sales for any product market and also in specified time period other size measurement include the number of buyers' average purchase quantity, frequency of purchase for any product oriented market. As a result the key measures of market size are market potential, sales forecast, and market share. In another study on banking reformation Thorsten and Ross (2002) measured the market size ofbanks against the GDP and to measure bank size, Thorsten and Ross (2002) used bank credit to he private sector as a share of GDP. Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic (2002) suggested that the extent to whichvarious financial, legal, and other factors (e. g. corruption) affect bank profitability is closely linked to size. In addition, as Short (1 979) argued, size is closely related to the capital adequacy of a bank since relatively banks tend to raise less expensive capital and, hence, appear more profitable. Luthria and Dhar (2005) defined market size as the scale of economic activity over which agents can contact. They tried to measure market size or space by national borders. Large space creates the potential or reaping economies of scale and the scope for specialization as well. It requires specific investments in physical and human capital, as well as marketing channels, constrained by slow- moving economic activity. Market Concentration The concentration aspect is particularly important for the transition economies and it has been very commonly used as the measurement of Nadim Jrrhangir. Shubhankar ShiN and 1Mn. Amlan Jahid Haque profitability ofbanlung industry. Atbanasoglou, Brissims, and Delis (2005) argue that banking systems are highly concentrated, with little separation between central and commercial banking ctivities in order to facilitate the banks' role in the planning process. Ahighly concentrated banking sector resul ts in market power for the banks. As opposed to perfect competition, banks having monopoly power would lead to an equilibrium characterized by higher loan costs and a smaller quantity of loanable hnds (Cetorelli & Gambera, 2001). According to Alzaidanin (2003) when a large share of the business of a given industry is controlled by few large firms or concentrated in a few pockets the situation is usually termed as a slate ofconcentration. However, Deidda and Fattouh (2002) showed theoretically as well as mpirically that the relationship between banking concentration and return on equity depended on the level of economic development. More specifically, banking concentration had an adverse impact on return on equity only in low income countries. For high income countries, there was no significant effect between the two variables. Additionally, Beck, Maksimovic, and Vojislav (2003) found that this effect is especially strong if a state has a weak legal system, high level ofcorruption an d a low level ofeconomic and financial development. Since these factors are true for at least some of the economies under consideration, ne would expect low banking concentration to foster return on equity. Bank Risk According to Allen (1 997), banks tend to focus on areas where they believe they have a comparative advantage to maximize efficiency in making loans. This approach makes banks give attention to geographic, industry specific demographics, and other market characteristics to operate. Calomiris and Karceski (1 998) noted that diversification and different levels ofriskyness is the result ofdifferences across banks in the scale oftheir operations. As economic conditions vary across different regions and industrial sectors, therefore ank riskyness and return on equity also vary across different regions. Gerlach, Peng, and Shu (2004) took a different approach in defining Banks' risk. Poor management qualities in inefficient institutions have a tendency to cany higher risk (cr edit risk, operating risk, & liquidity). The credit risk on any individual loan can be broken down into two components, the probability that the borrower will default, and the losses incurred in the event ofdefault. In an earlier study on asset quality of commercial banks Stafon (2000) found that bank return on equity driven mainly by changes in Net Interest Margins NIMs) and loan provision which in turn were determined by asset quality. However, Greusning and Bratanovic (2003) revealed that return on equity is a revealing indicator of a bank's competitive position in banking markets and of the quality of its management. The authors further elaborated that the income statement ofa bank is a key source of information on a bank's return on equity, reveals the sources ofa bank's earning and their quantity and quality as well as the quality of the bank's loan portfolio and the focus of its expenditures. Relationship between market concentration and banks ‘return on ecjuitv The mpi rical findings on the relationship between market concentration and return on equity are as diverse as the theoretical underpinnings. Parsley and Wei (1 985) found that young firrns in concentrated markets receive more credits than in competitive markets, with no difference for older firms, which results in a positive effect on return on equity. In contrast, Examination of Profitability in the Context of Bangladesh Banking Indust, Cetorelli and Gambera (2001) concluded that banking concentration leads to an overall depressing effect on return on equity. The authors suggest that increased competition (thus less oncentration) causes a rise in entrepreneurship and thus a higher rate of new firm creation. Very convincing is the recent work of Deidda and Fattouh (2002) showing theoretically as well as empirically that the relationship between banking concentration and return on equity depends on the level of economic development. More specifically, banking concentration has an adverse im pact on ROE only in low income countries. For hlgh income countries, there is no significant effect between the two variables. Therefore, the following hypothesis can be proposed: Hypotheis1 : There is a significant relationship between Bank's arket concentration and Bank's return on equity of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Relationship between market size and banks' return on equity Shepherd (1972) mentioned a positive relation between the market size and return on equity. Such a nature ofrelationship continues to receive a great deal of attention. Seedier and Gee (1 96 1) suggested that the variability ofthe growth rate ofbank assets declines with the market size. Demerguq- Kunt and Huizinga (2001) noted that growth ofmarket size, in contrast, is positively and significantly related to profit growth. Again by following the same path of Smirlock (1 985),Alzaidanin (2003) mentioned a positive and significant relationship between banks' size and banks' return on equity based on prod uct differentiations. Therefore, the following hypothesis can be proposed: Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between Bank's market size and Bank's retum on equity of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Relationship between banks' risk and banks' return on equity Gizycki (2001) stated that even though return on equity is influenced by bank's credit risk, the relationship between the two is not straightforward. Movements in the retum on assets will reflect not just credit risk, ut the full range of risks, including bank's exposures to movements in interest rates and exchange rates, liquidity risk and operational risks. Moreover, banks return on equity reflects not just risk-taking, but also other factors such as the mix ofon and offbalance sheet business, operating efficiency, the level of competition within the banking market, and regulatory constraints. Banks earn higher returns by taking on riskier business, this will boost the return on equity. However, if a bank exper iences losses beyond what it had provisioned for, such losses will reduce return on equity. Bourke (1 989) reports hat the effect of credit risk on retum on equity appears clearlynegative. This result may be explained by taking into account the fact that the more financial institutions are exposed to high- risk loans, the higher is the accumulation ofunpaid loans, implying that these loan losses have produced lower returns to many commercial banks. Therefore, the following hypothesis can be proposed: Hypothesis 3: There is a significant relationship between Bank's risk and Bank's return on equity of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Conceptual framework It is proposed that bank's market concentration, bank's market size, and ank's risk are important in the context oftheir relationships with bank's return on equity. Based on the preceding literature review, the following framework was proposed. Nadim Jahangir, Shubhankar Shill and Md. Amlan Jahid Haque The conceptual Mework (figure 1) depicts sample size is trimmed down to 15 because of the measured variables and their relationships in inaccessibility of data. To run the analysis data the present study. fiom the year 2000 to 2005 data were used. Measures Methodology Research setting To calculate profitability of selected banks, the following ratios were used: Only the listed banks n the Dhaka Stock . Bank's return on equity (ROE) = Exchange were selected for this study. The Net Income / Total Equity researchers collected secondary data from the annual reports of these banks. Market size= Individual bank's deposit / Total banks' deposit Srrr~lpliilg nlethod Market Concentration index = Market size Currently the Dhaka Stock Exchange has 23 listed banks. Therefore, the researchers have . Bank Risk Measure = selected 23 banks in Bangladesh. However, the Bank's total loan / total deposit Bd's Market Concentration Bank's Market Size. B'd's Risk Bank's Return on Equity Figre1 : Conceptr~lFramework of proposed variables and their relationshps. Examination of Profitability in the Context of Bangladesh Banking Industry The relevant reasons and credentials behind the above measures ofprofitability ofbanks are as follows: According to Al-Shamrnari M. and Salirni A. (1 998) profitability ratio especially ROE signals the earning capability of the organization. They also suggest that higher return on equity (ROE) ratio is appreciable as it is the primary indicator ofbank's profitability and functional efficiency. Besides that the authors pointed out that higher liquidityratio pulls strength of peration up. Thus, fiom their view it can be stated that bank risk can be offset through lower loan-to-deposit ratio. For bank, the capital sufficiency is important to fiu-ther growth as well as profitability. Conversely, more loans derive higher credit risk, higher rate of nonperforming loans, and lower return on asset as well as equity. They provided a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to explore the financial position ofcommercial banks in Jordan. Therefore, ROE is used here to measure the profitabilitywhich is the most sought after measure among all. Philippatos andYildlrim (2007) recommended that the arket attractiveness and profitability has a positive relationship in the context of monopolistic banking business. Force of lending can pull up through increase efficiency of own capital and competency. However, earlier in 1977, Heggestad explained that if the individual bank has higher market share it is sure to enjoy monopoly which helps the bank to extend market concentration and reduce risk. The ultimate result is the increase ofreturn on equity (ROE). He also said that risk is a fimdamental factor in pulling up profit. But, market size diverts risk hm business and confirms smooth growth and secured ROE.

Competitive Advantage and Objectives Analysis Essay

Competitive advantage and objectives analysis go hand in hand in determining how marketers will determine product positioning. The main goal of a marketer is to create the image of the company or the product brand. Then the job becomes establishing or positioning the same image or brand into the target market. Positioning is putting the concept into the minds of the prospective consumer. It is important for a marketer to understand the different types of analysis and know how to compare the strengths and weaknesses of each type of analysis. In the following paper a comparison of this analysis will be introduced and explained. Different Types of Analysis Used Product Positioning Product positioning analysis is an important step in the marketing plan. Product positioning is when marketers design and image and value so that consumers in the target market understand how the product is important to them. The goal of marketers is to develop the image so it appeals to consumers and builds the competitive advantage. Product positioning is like the tactical factor or analysis that is part of the overall marketing strategy. It is important when developing the positioning strategy that each part of the mix is incorporated including price, how the product will be distributed, what type of advertising will be used, and most important how well will after – sell customer service be generated. Level Two Heading Replace the level two heading with the words for your heading. The heading must be in bold font. Read more about APA headings on the APA Style Blog. Conclusion The closing paragraph is designed to bring the reader to your way of thinking if you are writing a persuasive essay, to understand relationships if you are writing a comparison/contrast essay, or simply to value the information you provide in an informational essay. The closing paragraph summarizes the key points from the supporting paragraphs without introducing any new information. References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, triple click your mouse on this line of text and replace the information with your reference entry. You can use the Reference and Citation Examples (Center for Writing Excellence>Tutorials and Guides>Reference and Citation Examples) to help format your source information into a reference entry. The reference page always begins on the top of the next page after the conclusion.